藤田公式改進(jìn)及其在臺(tái)風(fēng)預(yù)報(bào)中的應(yīng)用
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Improvement of Fujita Formula and Its Application in Typhoon Forecasting
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    摘要:

    在考慮環(huán)境氣壓的影響下,引進(jìn)環(huán)境半徑參量對(duì)藤田公式改進(jìn)并將其應(yīng)用到9711號(hào)臺(tái)風(fēng)研究預(yù)報(bào)中。結(jié)果表明:①改進(jìn)的藤田公式能夠基本解決藤田公式計(jì)算的外圍氣壓和氣壓梯度偏小這一問題,合理地給出整個(gè)臺(tái)風(fēng)域內(nèi)氣壓和氣壓梯度力的分布。②改進(jìn)的藤田公式由于引入了環(huán)境半徑的影響,使得計(jì)算的風(fēng)向內(nèi)偏角減小而風(fēng)速增大;特別是它能使臺(tái)風(fēng)外圍的風(fēng)速增大而風(fēng)向內(nèi)偏角減小,進(jìn)而改變臺(tái)風(fēng)的內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)。③不論是風(fēng)向內(nèi)偏角還是風(fēng)速,在距臺(tái)風(fēng)中心一定距離范圍內(nèi),摩擦力對(duì)風(fēng)向內(nèi)偏角和風(fēng)速的影響都很小,但當(dāng)超過這個(gè)距離時(shí),風(fēng)向內(nèi)偏角和風(fēng)速均隨摩擦系數(shù)變化而急劇變化;且在同距離同摩擦系數(shù)條件下,應(yīng)用改進(jìn)的藤田公式計(jì)算的風(fēng)向內(nèi)偏角變小而風(fēng)速增大。④討論環(huán)境的影響(即引入有界環(huán)境半徑參量),能夠使計(jì)算的臺(tái)風(fēng)外圍氣壓和氣壓梯度增大,風(fēng)向內(nèi)偏角減小,風(fēng)速增大。當(dāng)環(huán)境半徑參量趨于無窮大時(shí),改進(jìn)后量的狀態(tài)無限趨近于沒有改進(jìn)時(shí)量的分布。

    Abstract:

    The environmental radius into the Fujita formula by consideration of environmental pressure is introduced and applied in improving typhoon 9711 forecasting. The results show that: (1) the improved Fujita formula can basically solve the problem that the computed peripheral pressure and pressure gradient are too small, and also gives a reasonable distribution of pressure and pressure gradient force within the typhoon areas; (2) the improved Fujita equation, due to the impact of the environmental radius, makes the computed wind inner deflection angle smaller and wind speed greater, and in particular, changes the internal structure of the typhoon; (3) in either the wind direction or wind speed, in the range of a certain distance from the center of the typhoon, the friction force has a very small effect, but beyond this distance, both wind inner deflection angle and wind speed have a sharp increase with the gradient of friction coefficient; and at the same distance with the same friction coefficient, the improved Fujita formula gives smaller wind inner deflection angle and greater wind speed; (4) by considering the environmental influence (i.e., the introduction of a bounded environment radius parameter), the calculated typhoon periphery pressure and pressure gradient are greater, the wind inner deflection angle smaller, and the wind speed greater. When the environment radius tends to be infinite, the improved status of Fujita formula tends to be unimproved.

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陳超輝,譚言科,李琳,金捷,許玉成.藤田公式改進(jìn)及其在臺(tái)風(fēng)預(yù)報(bào)中的應(yīng)用[J].氣象科技,2011,39(1):1~8

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  • 收稿日期:2009-09-23
  • 定稿日期:2010-09-26
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